Fractional distillation of crude oil oil and cracking. Designed by expert teachers for the edexcel gcse 91 chemistry syllabus. Products from oil self assessment mark scheme file. Cracking alkanes the lighter fractions for example, petrol are in large demand. Crude oil is formed from the remains of dead sea plants and creatures that became buried in the sediments of the sea floor millions of. One family of hydrocarbons produced from crude oil is called the alkanes. This section, carbon compounds covers what is crude oil. Leads onto a lesson on cracking and allows afl for students to be able to name alkanes by carbon number. If the answer you have written is not right, change it. Some deposits were formed over 500 million years ago, with the newest deposit being approximately formed over 50 million years ago. Cracking and alkenes crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes aqa. Cracking crude oil and alkenes gcse triple award revision. Cracking alkanes thermal and catalytic a brief description of the difference between thermal and catalytic cracking of alkanes. Cracking hydrocarbons edexcel gcse chemistry revision notes.
Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons formed from the remains of simple marine organisms over millions of years. It is the main source of many of the worlds organic chemicals and we use products made with crude oil every day. Hydrocarbons from oil a2levellevelrevision, chemistry. Crude oil and fuels gcse triple award revision resources.
Either way, it means the vast majority of crude oil can be turned into useful products. Organic chemistry now forms a substantial part of the gcse specifications. Crude oil is formed from sea creatures remains that have been compressed over millions of years and turn into crude oil. Crude oil is a mixture of a very large number of compounds. Written by teachers for the edexcel igcse chemistry course. You need to know about alkanes, alkenes, crude oil and the process of cracking. In addition to this you will need to know about functional groups such as alcohols, carboxylic acids and esters and how to draw their structures.
The process is known as catalytic cracking because it only happens in the presence of a. Feb 08, 2020 gcse lesson on the uses of crude oil and naming alkanes. Most of the compounds in crude oil consist of molecules made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms only, we call these type of compounds hydrocarbons. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
See current entries and add your own how and why to enter grow your grades. However, it is used as an important source for fuels and as a feedstock for making chemicals including polymers very large chain molecules made by joining many smaller molecules together, end to end for a wide range of consumer products. In this video, we look at how cracking is used to convert longchain hydrocarbons into shorterchain hydrocarbons. There are two good economic reasons for cracking oil fractions i there isnt enough of fuels like petrol or diesel in the original crude oil and ii alkenes are not found in oil, so must be manufactured from oil. Cracking oil and cracking gcse chemistry single science. In case you didnt know, crude oil is pretty important stuff. Gcse chemistry revision questions fossil fuels crude. Learn about and revise crude oil with this bbc bitesize gcse chemistry eduqas study guide. These revision notes on cracking hydrocarbons like alkanes in the petrochemical. Cracking is the name for a thermal decomposition processes.
Hydrocarbons and crude oil gcse chemistry combined. Products from crude oil crude oil is described as a fossil fuel but it is much more important than that as many plastics have crude oil as a raw material. Fractional distillation a secondary school revision resource for ocr gcse science about carbon chemistry and making crude oil useful. Learn about crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes with bitesize gcse chemistry aqa. Cracking is normally carried out at high temperatures using a catalyst. As part of their work on crude oil, gcse chemistry students will look at thermal cracking. Complete the general formula for the compounds found in crude oil. The best way to remember the information in this chapter is to get a pen and paper and write down your answers before clicking on the answer link which will take you to the correct page you may have to read through some of the page before you find the answer. Useful products from crude oil crude oil is a fossil fuel, formed from the decay of sea creatures over millions of years. If alkanes combust in too little air, carbon monoxide may form. Gcse crude oil revise processing by cracking and fracking. It is a black thick liquid which takes millions of years to form.
The bad news is that organic chemistry is kind of a big topic. Hydrocarbons and crude oil gcse chemistry combined science. Edexcel igcse chemistry crude oil expert guidance by mahima. Hydrocarbon are the compounds made up of carbon and hydrogen only. Some of the large hydrocarbons the heavier fractions are broken down into more useful smaller hydrocarbons lighter fractions by a process. Resources chemistry gcse aqa unit 8 crude oil and fuels. Alkenes are unsaturated which means they contain a carboncarbon double bond. In this episode, he will look at how crude oil forms, what its made from, and how its used.
All resources are updated for the latest aqa 91 chemistry specification. Gcse chemistry revision organic chemistry crude oil. The reactions are very exothermic give out heat energy, so alkanes in crude oil and natural gas are widely used as heating fuels. Bromine water can be used to test for the presence of unsaturated molecules. Most important useful chemicals,polymers and fuels are obtained from crude oil. For the best revision experience, use both the notes and the videos at the same time to help you follow along. New91 aqa gcse chemistry c9 crude oil and fules kerboodle.
Some can be used for bitumen used to make tar for roads, but there is more residue than we really want. Gcse lesson on the uses of crude oil and naming alkanes. Therefore, distillation is a feasible separation technique. The best way to remember the information in this chapter is to get a pen and paper and write down your answers. Learn about the process of oil distillation in order to create fuels and plastics with bbc bitesize gcse chemistry wjec. The process is known as catalytic cracking because it only happens in the presence of a catalyst. Global importance of crude oil oil and cracking gcse.
Outcomes label a fractionating column gcse grade c explain why crude oil can be separated in terms of intermolecular forces gcse grade a explain the problems associated with the use of crude oil gcse grade a describe complete and incomplete combustion gcse grade c evaluate the use of different fuels gcse grade a 3. The first stages in the processing of crude oil are described below. Cracking produces alkanes and alkenes hydrocarbons with double carbon bonds. You tend to get molecules containing benzene rings and short hydrocarbons. To better understand fractional distillation of crude oil, lets first examine a simple distillation process. Fractional distillation separates a mixture into a number of different parts. Free timetable app chemistry gcse aqa unit 8 crude oil and. Cracking and alkenes crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes. The general formula for the homologous series of alkenes is cnh2n. It is formed from the remains of plants and animals which died millions of years ago. Gcse crude oil revise the thermal cracking reaction.
The unit then moves onto the alkenes as a different homologous series from the alkanes, together with a consideration of the cracking process. The products of cracking include shorter alkanes and unsaturated hydrocarbons called alkenes. Crude oil and other fuels is one area studied in gcse science. Gcse chemistry crude oil by revise a level and gcse. Below you will find our collection of revision notes and video tutorials. Revise what you learned in year 10 and year 11 in this exciting quiz. The production of crude oil is vital to the global economy, as so much of modern society depends on the use of crude oil. Fractional distillation of crude oil gcse secondary. Revision notes on the fractional distillation of crude oil, uses of oil fractions related to size of molecule and intermolecular bonding forces, help when revising for aqa gcse 91 chemistry, edexcel gcse 91 chemistry, ocr gcse 91 gateway science, ocr gcse 91 21st century science gcse 91 chemistry practice examination questions. Cracking is the process of converting alkanes into alkenes and shorter alkanes.
So lets get cracking get it with alkenes and crude oil. So were going to split it up into the main topics you need to learn for gcse, namely alkanes, alkenes and and the cracking of crude oil. We can break down hydrocarbons in a process called cracking. Chemistry revision notes on the topic cracking hydrocarbons. Gcse chemistry products from oil high demand questions questionsheet 1 a crude oil is the raw material of the petrochemical industry. Crude oil cannot be used directly but it is the source of many useful products.
Gcse chemistry what is the cracking of hydrocarbons. Crude oil and hydrocarbons crude oil, hydrocarbons and. Making crude oil usefulfractional distillation and cracking. What is the name given to the molecules that are found in crude oil.
Revision for aqa chemistry gcse, including summary notes, exam questions by topic and videos for each module. Fractional distillation of crude oil refining uses of. Petrol and other fuels are produced from it using fractional distillation and cracking. This is a chemical reaction in which heat breaks down long chain molecules into smaller ones. Crude oil is a dark smelly liquid which is a mixture of many different hydrocarbons. Cracking crude oil gcse chemistry single science revision. This is the fifth of six quizzes on that topic and it looks specifically at two methods of processing crude oil cracking and fractioning. Cracking is used to convert long alkanes into shorter, more useful hydrocarbons. It is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, containing mainly alkanes. A fully resourced lesson with assessment on the cracking of crude oil. For this reason, we tend to break up the longer chains into lots of smaller chains.
After the fractional distillation of crude oil there are too many large hydrocarbons and not enough small hydrocarbons to meet the publics demand. Petrol and other fuels are produced from it using fractional distillation. This is a chemical reaction in which heat breaks down long chain. Short chain hydrocarbons are more flammable and make very good and useful fuels. Cracking of hydrocarbons is covered before pupils are asked questions on the reasons for the process and how it is carried out. The components of the crude oil are important and the crude oil is separated by the process of fractional distillation. The crude oil that has been extracted over the past century was formed millions of years ago. The complete series covers the aqa gcse 91 chemistry 8462 and combined science trilogy 8464 specifications for chemistry. Edexcel igcse chemistry crude oil expert guidance by. Jono goes organic and talks about crude oil for your gcse exam. Cracking oil fractions reaction conditions products equations.
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